The AIP defined hazard alerts to include: observations, pilot reports, or amended forecasts indicating that weather conditions at the destination have unexpectedly deteriorated below the IFR or VFR alternate minima, and. Likewise, when the 0800 TTF was issued showing fog, both aircraft were still outside this 60minute arrival time. 2 tank being selected OFF, leaving the No. (c) changes in the serviceability of navigation aids; (d) changes in the condition of aerodromes and associated facilities, including information on the state of the aerodrome movement areas when they are affected by snow, ice, or water; (f) pre-eruption volcanic activity, volcanic eruptions, and volcanic ash clouds; (g) release into the atmosphere of radioactive materials or toxic chemicals; (h) traffic to aircraft likely to be affected; and. In May 2012, Airservices Australia (Airservices) published on its website an information paper for pilots about the provision of in-flight information services. A review of recorded radio communication between Qantas 735 and ATC identified that this frequency was also being monitored by the crew of Velocity1384 at this time. In addition, a notice to airmen (NOTAM)[14] listed holding requirements for Melbourne. They discussed the conduct of a sighting approach to ensure the aircraft was aligned with the runway from the RNAV GNSS approach. Issued at 11:32 am EDT Thursday 19 January 2023 (issued every 10 minutes, with the page automatically refreshed every 10 minutes), Comma delimited format used in spreadsheet applications Landing below minima due to fog involving Boeing 737s, VH-YIR and VH-VYK, Mildura Airport, Victoria on 18 June 2013, forecasting and distribution of weather information by the Bureau of Meteorology, provision of weather and operational information by Airservices Australia to all aircraft that were affected by the reduced visibility at Adelaide, provision of weather and operational information to those aircraft by the operators. Pilot flying (PF) and pilot monitoring (PM) are procedurally assigned roles with specifically assigned duties at specific stages of a flight. More. The observation reports issued by BoM at that time indicated that the conditions at Mildura were above the alternate minima for the aircraft, despite the TAF for Mildura indicating a temporary deterioration during the forecast period. The captain reported hearing this transmission while preparing for the approach into Adelaide. At around 0957, the systems supervisor again called BoM for an appreciation of the weather as Velocity 1384 was compelled to land at Mildura. Based on this revised information, the crew of Qantas 735 decided to divert to Mildura Airport, rather than holding or conducting an autoland at Adelaide. If there is no AWIS, or it is a major airport, ATC will advise the availability of a SPECI report as FIS, workload permitting. Identify what items make you the most money and which items don't. Quickly view your stock levels and even see what's on order and when you can expect it. You should read the important information in these notes. A navigation aid that emits a signal that can be received by appropriately-equipped aircraft and represented as the aircrafts bearing (called a 'radial') to or from that aid. Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) describes weather conditions that require pilots to fly primarily by reference to instruments, and therefore under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), rather than by outside visual references. In line with Airservices Australia (Airservices) procedures, as Mildura broadcast weather information via an Aerodrome Weather Information Service (AWIS)[7], the controller responsible for this sector was not automatically-provided with the SPECI reports at their console. The pilot would be responsible for seeking this information from the ABS or asking ATC. Chapter 6 Air Traffic Services, stated: Amended aerodrome forecasts shall be passed to aircraft within 60 minutes from the aerodrome of destination, unless the information has been made available through other means. Mildura, Victoria November 2022 Daily Weather Observations IDCJDW3051.202211 Prepared at 13:01 UTC on Friday 2 December 2022 Source of data Observations were drawn from Mildura Airport {station 076031}. Due to poor weather in Adelaide, both aircraft were forced to divert to an alternate airport (Mildura, Victoria). At 1130, the visibility had increased to greater than 10 km and the cloud was now listed as few at 300 ft. Further information on the Adelaide and Mildura forecasts and observations is in appendixC. The ICAO Annex 3 Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation does not permit the inclusion in a TAF of a probability of less than 30 per cent that a weather phenomenon, such as fog, may occur during the forecast period. The issue of verifying the claimed record hot day on 23 September 2017 is compounded by the BoMs method of measuring temperatures in particular the absence of averaging over at least one minute which is standard for electronic probes. Time: 0756 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 in cruise, Time: 0758 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 in cruise, Time: 0800 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 in cruise, Time: 0804 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 in cruise, Time: 0805 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 in cruise, Time: 0815 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 in cruise, Qantas 735 approaching diversion point, Time: 0830 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 in cruise, Time: 0900 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 on descent to Adelaide, Time: 0902 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 on descent to Adelaide, Time: 0911 EST Velocity 1384 diverting to Mildura, Qantas 735 holding to east of Adelaide, Time: 0918 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 en route to Mildura, Time: 0928 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 on descent to Mildura, Time: 0930 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 approaching Mildura, Time: 0932 EST Velocity 1384 overhead Mildura, Qantas 735 approaching Mildura, Time: 0948 EST Velocity 1384 overhead Mildura, Qantas 735 landed at Mildura, Time: 0952 EST Velocity 1384 overhead Mildura, Qantas 735 shutdown at Mildura, Time: 0956 EST Velocity 1384 overhead Mildura, Time: 1000 EST Velocity 1384 overhead Mildura. The changes also resulted in any SPECI report that was available from an ABS not being sent automatically to a controllers workstation. On the day of the A320 occurrence, moisture levels were higher to the north of Adelaide, with fog forming at Edinburgh at 0730. LOW VIS PROCSWND: 360/5, MAX DW 5 KTS.VIS: 500M IN FOGCLD: FEW015TMP: 7.QNH: 1021, SPECI YMIA 172318Z 22004KT 9999 BKN002 SCT041 08/06 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.0, SPECI YMIA 172328Z 21006KT 5000 BR BKN002 07/07 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.0, SPECI YMIA 172330Z 21006KT 3300 BR BKN002 07/07 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.0, SPECI YMIA 172332Z 20007KT 2100 BR BKN002 07/07 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.0, SPECI YMIA 172348Z 19007KT 0900 FG OVC001 07/07 Q1019RMK RF00.0/000.0, TAF AMD YMIA 172352Z 1800/181220007KT 3000 BR SCT003 BKN040BECMG 1800/1801 19006KT 9999 SCT030 SCT050PROB30 1800/1802 0500 FG BKN002RMKT 07 11 13 10 Q 1019 1019 1019 1020, SPECI YMIA 172356Z 21007KT 0400 FG OVC001 07/07 Q1020RMK RF00.0/000.0, SPECI YMIA 180000Z 20006KT 0300 FG OVC001 07/07 Q1020RMK RF00.0/000.0, SPECI YMIA 180011Z 20006KT 0200 FG OVC001 07/07 Q1020RMK RF00.0/000.0, cloud ceiling is measured from landing wheel height above the threshold and expressed as a decision height in feet. The forecast TEMPO was still considered by BoM to be appropriate for the conditions; however, at around 0930, the visibility at Mildura abruptly decreased. On board were 6 crew and 146 passengers. The Manual of Air Traffic Services (MATS) is an Airservices and Department of Defence internal document that promulgates the procedures for the provision of air traffic services in Australia. If an ABS is not available, pilots may request weather information from ATS as part of the on-request flight information service. The MATS also contained a section dealing with the provision of a hazard alert service. Information was sought from Virgin on their level of assurance that flight crew were complying with the above requirements. The captain had also held Training Captain/Approved Testing Officer approvals since April 2003. In addition, pilots should note the potential benefits of informing the controller of a non-normal situation. When Velocity 1384 departed Brisbane for Adelaide, the TAF that was current at the time showed favourable conditions for arrival and did not require the nomination of an alternate airport. This map will be updated as more accurate modelling becomes available. Web. 1 tank had 594 kg and the No. As such, there was no requirement for the crews of Velocity 1384 or Qantas 735 to obtain or account for a code grey forecast in their fuel planning for Adelaide. OVERLAY Radar - Rain - Beta. As such, it could not be used for arrivals at Mildura prior to 1000. Subsequent SPECIs show that the visibility at Mildura reached a low of 200 m in fog at 1011. Many non-major airports in Australia have an AWIS and, as this is classified as an ABS, ATC will generally not alert pilots to significant deteriorations or improvements in specified weather condition (SPECIs) at those locations. This was on the basis that, given their arrival time, it would not affect the flight. Observations for Mildura (beta) Map View MetEye. This includes the importance of controller/pilot communication to enhance situation awareness, particularly in regard to nonroutine situations such as deteriorating weather or aircraft low fuel state. Furthermore, the BoM does not have World Meteorological Organisation, or any other form of accreditation (i.e. The document described specific flight information regions in which the procedures were to apply, each having a section that was further divided into chapters dealing with specific topics. At this stage, the crew of Qantas 735 were aware of the changes to the TTF and continued to Adelaide on the basis that the fog would clear prior to their arrival. The 0303 TAF was computed on that basis. As previously stated, given the forecast conditions at Adelaide Airport, the flight crews of Velocity1384 and Qantas 735 were not required to carry fuel for an alternate. As the TAF had a 30 per cent chance of fog and the TTF issued at the same time forecast no deterioration, they elected not to pass the amended TAF to the crew of Velocity1384through ACARS. Concerned about your property? Home Radar Observations Satellite Forecasts Video Map Login Register Account Logout. http://www.bom.gov.au/fwo/IDV60801/IDV60801.94693.axf, JavaScript Object Notation format (JSON) in row-major order Light winds. This resulted in the need for both Qantas 735 and Velocity 1384 to land in conditions that were below minima. It provides weather observations as well as relevant operational information, such as the requirement for additional holding fuel and the unavailability of facilities or services. This additional time also meant that the crew of Qantas 735, had they been provided with the 0928 and 0930 SPECIs, would likely have had a clearer understanding of the deteriorating trend at Mildura when there was still the option for them to return to Adelaide. The flight crew of Qantas 735 proactively sought weather information for various airports soon after departing Sydney. Time: 0525 EST Velocity 1384 crew at flight briefing, Time: 0600 EST Qantas 735 crew at flight briefing, Time: 0638 EST Velocity 1384 departs Brisbane, Time: 0700 EST Velocity 1384 approaching top of climb, Qantas 735 at gate loading last passengers at Sydney, Time: 0707 EST Velocity 1384 in cruise, Qantas 735 preparing to pushback from Sydney, Time: 0711 EST Velocity 1384 in cruise, Qantas 735 taxiing at Sydney, Time: 0730 EST Velocity 1384 in cruise, Qantas 735 on initial climb from Sydney, Time: 0748 EST Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 in cruise. As the flight crew of Qantas 735 was preparing to depart Sydney, just prior to leaving the gate, the 0700 amended TAF for Adelaide was issued. Sun protection recommended from 9:30 am to 5:50 pm, UV Index predicted to reach 12 [Extreme]. Reliability of aviation weather forecastsAs a result of this and other occurrences involving observed but not forecast weather, the ATSB has commenced research investigation AR-2013-200 Reliability of aviation weather forecasts. The operational information required to be provided by ATC to pilots was amended to require the provision of information about meteorological conditions and the existence of non-routine meteorological products such as SPECI reports and amended TAFs. The estimated arrival time at Adelaide was 0917. (iii) relay of communications with ATC: IFR clearance and SVFR [special VFR] authorization. A SPECI is a special weather observation report that is triggered by a significant change in a set of parameters, including cloud and visibility. The initial public version of these safety issues and actions are repeated separately on the ATSB website to facilitate monitoring by interested parties. From this time, the imbalance began to increase again. In my neck of the woods the BoM seem to be in the throes of replacing a long term, human attended, mercury thermometer and weather station with an AWS. More particularly, they indicate specific times when weather information was issued by the Bureau of Meteorology or Airservices Australia. When a TAF is issued that is valid for the period 1800 to 2400 UTC (04001000 EST), any current code grey forecast is superseded by that TAF. Copyright 2014 - 2022 Jennifer Marohasy. Sunny. At the time of departure for both aircraft, the forecast conditions at Adelaide Airport were such that an alternate airport was not required. To print this page, get the PDF version (one page, 45 kb). Hazard alerting was removed from the list of FIS elements and the definitions of what constituted a hazard alert were removed from the AIP. The Brisbane and Melbourne flight information regions were listed in the section Middle East/Asia (MID/ASIA) Regional Supplementary Procedures. There were two additional opportunities for the crew of Velocity 1384 to become aware of the deteriorating weather at Adelaide while en route. Oh dear Dr Marohasy, BoM must be triggered by this post: https://thewest.com.au/news/weather/bureau-of-meteorology-staff-step-up-industrial-action-ng-b88757610z. In. VOLMET provides meteorological information for Australian major international airports and Townsville via high frequency (HF) radio transmission. However, Jeppesen Air traffic rules and services,section 8.5 ATC initiated FIS did contain this advice. any additional information that could assist the pilot in the avoidance of hazardous situations. These occurrences were investigated by the ATSB website and are detailed below. These are useful, for example, for identifying fog and low cloud, which may not be visible in thermal infrared images because it has a similar temperature to the ground below. FL400 equates to 40,000 ft. Furthermore, controllers were to notify the pilots of aircraft affected by non-routine meteorological products at the time that the products were identified in the form of a directed transmission to the pilots and within 60 minutes flight time of the conditions notified. The fuel quantity remaining is indicated in tonnes on the upper display unit (Figure4). This supports the assessment that the fog would clear rapidly at Mildura. Posted July 23, 2019. Officers may, at times, experience situations not specifically covered whereby the safety of an aircraft may be considered to be in doubt. They do not adjust the data for differences in devices as they do not adjust the data for UHI. At 0953, Velocity 1384 informed ATC that they would have to declare a fuel emergency in 10minutes. However, once Qantas 735 commenced descent towards Mildura, the divert time of 0955 would have reduced by about 20 minutes due to the increasing distance from Adelaide and additional fuel required to climb back to cruise altitude and effect a return. On 18 June 2013, two Boeing 737 aircraft, VH-YIR operated by Virgin Australia Airlines Pty. Besides running concurrently for the when change in instrument this should have been done for at least five years for any change in siting. This investigation will analyse Bureau of Meteorology data across Australian airports, with a focus on those supporting regular public transport operations, and is subject to the availability of long-term data holdings of aviation forecasts and observations. In making the decision to divert to Mildura, the captain of Qantas 735 reported that they were aware that they had the capability to conduct an autoland at Adelaide Airport (see the section titled Low visibility/autoland capability). As such, both aircraft were committed to land in conditions below the landing minima at Mildura Airport. Li, WC 2011, The causal factors of aviation accidents related to decision errors in the cockpit by system approach, Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, Series A, 43, pp. The PM carries out support duties and monitors the PFs actions and aircraft flight path. The 0303 TAF for Adelaide on the morning of the occurrence forecast scattered cloud and light winds. Authorities are frustrated after a truck driver reportedly manoeuvred around warning signs only to become caught in floodwaters at Lethebrook forcing a swiftwater rescue mission overnight . At 0700, when the amended TAF for Adelaide was issued, Velocity 1384 was established at flight level (FL) 400 in the cruise. The BoM subsequently advised the ATSB that there was no procedure in place to require a forecaster to request multiple reports of deteriorating weather before amending a forecast. Alerting function of special weather reports (SPECI) is not met by the automatic broadcast services, Limited provision of flight information service for some non major airports, Information Publication Scheme - Agency Publication Plan, Human Factors for Transport Safety Investigators course, Transport Safety Investigation Regulations, Information for police and coronial officers, Railway accident guidelines for operators, Mandatory - Aviation accident or incident notification, Voluntary - REPCON Aviation Confidential Reporting Scheme, Mandatory - Marine accident or incident notification, Voluntary - REPCON Marine Confidential Reporting Scheme, Mandatory - Rail accident or incident notification, Voluntary - REPCON Rail Confidential Reporting Scheme. AIP GEN3.3 section 2.5.2 stated that: When providing FIS, ATC will not alert pilots to the availability of aerodrome weather reports that are available from an automatic broadcast service. As the conditions had deteriorated below this minima, the RNAV GNSS approach could not be conducted in normal operations. Why would you not have the 5 year comparison data available for validation or comparison? While the increase in data was a benefit to BoM, an unexpected outcome was the production of numerous AUTO SPECI reports. The controller then offered to gather further information for the crew of Qantas735but indicated there would be a slight delay in doing so. The crew of Qantas 735 elected to hold at waypoint BLACK, which was 48 NM (89km) from Adelaide, rather than continue their descent to the airport, which was still affected by fog. This included meteorological conditions and the existence of non-routine met products. a forum for the discussion of issues concerning the natural environment. Data from the CVR indicated that the crew actioned the low fuel and fuel imbalance checklists from memory. The flight crew of Qantas 735 conducted an instrument approach and landed below minima. Potts, R, Boneh, T, Manickam, M, Miao, Y, Newham, P & Weymouth, G. Application of Bayesian Networks for fog forecasting for aviation in Australia. After scrutiny of the A8 forms actually provided, however, it appeared that the extent of parallel readings for the probe installed on 27 June 2012 would be limited to just the eight months July 2012 to February 2013 except that the BoM had omitted to scan September 2012 the one month that could provide a direct measure of the equivalence of the relevant probe for that time of year at that location. After the amended TAF was issued, the BoM meteorologist located within the National Operations Centre at Airservices Australia (Airservices) rang the relevant BoM forecaster to discuss the conditions at Mildura Airport. Between 0928 and 0932, three further SPECIs were issued for Mildura, indicating that visibility was decreasing in mist. On board were 6 crew members and 85 passengers. However, the timely dissemination of such information optimises the likelihood of effective flight crew planning and decision making. The BoM simply ignores the issues that have been literally documented. Ltd. (Virgin) and Qantas Airways Ltd. (Qantas) fuel policies were approved by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) and each flight crew uploaded sufficient fuel in accordance with their respective policies. This included taking account of the traffic and weather conditions expected at the destination, along the diversion route and at the alternate (if applicable). 2 tank were selected back to ON, with the crossfeed valve open. Mild. They further noted that they would not expect crew to conduct a fuel imbalance check during a fuel low situation, such as the occurrence flight, unless a fuel leak was suspected or identified. Crew members and 85 passengers flight path of an aircraft may be considered to in! 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